Human Genetics, Reproduction and Prenatal Development
Full course description
During the BBS1005 course entitled “Human Genetics, Reproduction, and Prenatal Development” we will follow two lines that will be linked to each other:
- Basic mechanisms of the cellular life cycle, cellular interaction, and human genetics
- Mechanisms of human reproduction and embryonic development
We will start studying the first differentiation steps from gametogenesis via fertilization to very early embryonic development. This will be linked to the general concept of cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, and types of mutations, which may accompany these processes. In addition, gene regulation, epigenetics, and posttranslational mechanisms as key players in differentiation will be discussed. The students will learn about the general body plan (segmentation, symmetry, body axes, development of the extremities) and the development of different organ systems (e.g. the gut, limb, and heart). Thereby concepts of cell-cell signaling, receptor-ligand interaction, and the influence of hormones as mechanisms included in the development will be discussed. In addition, apoptosis as a mechanism included in forming of the body will be shown.
Students will be able to explain several disruptions during development and morphogenesis leading to congenital pathologies and disturbances in function. During the practical training, students will compare the “normal” human anatomy to (pathological) variations originating from aberrant human development.
There are many ethical questions around human reproduction and development as in-vitro-fertilization, embryo selection, prenatal screening, and increasing availability of genetic data. Their chances and risks will be discussed. In this context, students will learn about the possibilities to detect and treat a monogenic disease and will be able to train in associated laboratory techniques. Students will be made aware of the resulting inter-generational responsibility in Philosophy in Action I (BBS1008). Details of cell cycle regulation and differentiation will deepen the knowledge of DNA (structure and replication), and RNA (transcription and translation) students acquired in BBS1001- “The LEGO bricks of life”.
Concerning the development of different organ systems, we will deepen the knowledge of anatomy and physiology, which students acquired in BBS1002 – “Basis Homeostasis and organ systems” and BBS1004 – “Brain Function, Behavior, and Motivation”.
Course objectives
- Describe how human reproduction works at the level of organ structure, function and regulation
- Describe prenatal human development from fertilisation to organogenesis
- Describe molecular mechanisms that govern proliferation and differentiation
- Explain the levels at which expression of genetic information works
- Produce a functioning expression construct by applying bioinformatics, recombinant DNA and biochemical technology